Papillomas are single or multiple benign formations that occur in different parts of the body. Externally, they are presented in the form of a papilla with a base. The consistency is dense or soft. The color can vary from light to dark brown.
Papillomas on the skin spoil the appearance, cause bleeding and ulcers in the mucous membranes of the internal anatomical structures, disrupt breathing in the larynx and change the timbre of the voice. It is possible to get rid of growths using surgical excision, electrocoagulation, laser, cryodestruction and other methods.
What happened
Papillomas are benign neoplasms affecting skin and epithelial cell structures. The main reason for its appearance is human papillomatosis virus infection (with a high or low level of oncogenicity).
The ICD-10 disease code is D23. The classification of the pathological condition depends on the location of the lesion. For example, if the pathology appears on the neck or hair on the head, then D23. Code 4, if localized in the arms and shoulders - D23. 6, abdomen, pubic part in men and chest and back region in women - D23. 5 and so on.
It should be noted that papilloma tends to degenerate into a malignant form.
Species
There are several types of papillomatous formations that differ in their structure, shape, color and other characteristics.
simple (vulgar)
This is one of the most common types of papillomavirus. In this case, the formation of papillomas on the skin can be provoked by several types of strains at once. According to statistics, about 30% of the population has encountered them at least once.
A favorite place for common warts is the upper limbs, especially the hands. But such growths can cover the body, palms, toes and other surfaces.
Such warts occur in damaged areas of the skin due to a decrease in the local immune system.
Externally, vulgar papillomas resemble papillae. In the early stages of development, the diameter cannot exceed 2 millimeters. The head of the wart is soft with a uniform structure that rises above the surface of the epidermis.
When such forms appear, light pigmentation is noted. Growths grow gradually as a result of constant intake of nutrition due to root growth deep in the skin.
You can often observe the appearance of a hair in the central part, which indicates the good nature of the formation.
Filiform
These are seals with a thin body and a head on top. Such growths cannot be confused with other types due to the characteristics of their structure.
The appearance of papillomas on the body of this variety is observed after the age of 45 in places with thin skin. They are formed especially in the armpit, in women and in men, in the sternum, in the neck area.
Tumors grow longer and larger. The head of the growths is yellow or pink in color. The level of pigmentation is poor.
right
In appearance, they look like small plates that rise slightly above the surface of the skin. The root has a dense structure and grows deep into the layers of the dermis, which can be indicated by the appearance of painful sensations due to mechanical impact or injury.
Such growths are most often localized in the region of the upper limbs. There are also papillomas on the face. In some cases, neoplasms of this type appear in the anal area, in men in the groin area, and in women in the labia majora. Because they receive active nutrition in these places, they begin to grow actively.
Flat papillomas are difficult to treat. After removal, a scar or scar remains at the site of the growth.
He pointed
Externally, they look like papillae, no more than 2-3 millimeters in size. Neoplasms tend to grow rapidly, large growths appear on the skin from a small growth. The shape resembles a cockerel comb or cauliflower.
The danger of this type of condyloma is that women are more likely to develop infectious and inflammatory processes in the labia minora or vagina. Such formations are easily damaged, which can lead to infection.
The problem with such papillomas is that they often tend to relapse even after treatment with antiviral drugs or surgery.
Plantar
The cause of foot skin papillomatosis is the presence of virus strains of type 1, 2 and 4 in the body. The elements resemble calluses, but in appearance they resemble simple papillomas. They are also distinguished by the fact that they hurt under mechanical pressure and lack of skin pattern.
Plantar papillomas tend to self-destruct, especially if they affect the child's body. Small blisters often begin to form near the initial lesion. Over time, they become transformed, which contributes to the appearance of mosaic papillomatosis.
A minor
This type of growth occurs rarely, mainly in young children. Infection with them occurs during childbirth, if at that time there is a genital wart on the genitals of the mother.
Localization
Filiform warts are most often localized on the face. They can be located under the eyes, forehead, ears, and neck in men and women. Vulgar neoplasms are characterized by their appearance on the ankles and hands. In addition, warts can be found on the fingers, hips, thighs, elbows, navel, papillomas under the breasts, armpits, tongue, throat and other parts of the body.
In general, papillomatosis refers to a generalized disease in which the entire body is covered with papillomas.
Also, neoplasms can affect the liver, oral cavity, respiratory tract, lungs, kidneys and others.
Reasons
Human papillomavirus is present in almost every body and does not make itself felt for a long time. However, under certain conditions, it begins to become more active, thereby provoking the appearance of papilloma-like growths on the skin.
Various factors can affect the development of the pathological process. The most common ones include:
- defenselessgendercommunication;
- frequent change of sexpartners;
- weakeningimmunity;
- inconsistencyhygienicnorms of the oral cavity and intimate zone;
- organ diseasesgastrointestinal tract- intestinal tract;
- violationexchangeprocesses;
- wrongfeeding;
- acceptancecytostaticsor hormonal drugs.
For men, the main risk factor for infection is bad habits that contribute to a decrease in the immune system. Regular inhalation of tobacco smoke increases the likelihood of developing laryngeal papillomatosis.
Ways of infection
Experts distinguish 4 types of human papillomavirus transmission.
Gender
This way is considered one of the most common. The virion can enter the human body at any time during sexual intercourse. You should also take into account that barrier contraceptives can only prevent infection of the genitals, and the perineum and pubis are not protected.
Internal
The virus has a high survival rate in a humid environment. In this case, infection is possible when visiting a public place, for example, a bath, swimming pool, sauna or toilet. The virus can also enter the body through the skin when using someone else's clothes or towels.
Contact
Infection is possible when the damaged area of the skin comes into contact with the damaged papilloma. When the carrier of the disease itself transfers virions from the pathological area of the body to healthy ones, this process is called self-infection.
From mother to fetus
The virus does not have the ability to penetrate the placenta. However, as soon as the fetus passes through the mother's birth canal, infection is possible.
Diagnostics
If you suspect the development of papillomatosis, it is recommended to contact a venereologist and a dermatologist.
The final diagnosis can be made only based on the results obtained during the examination.
Clinical examination
During the reception, the doctor determines all types of formations present in the human body. They are checked and certain records are made. If anogenital warts are detected, the patient receives a referral to a gynecologist for examination. Men can undergo ureteroscopy.
Colposcopy
This is a diagnostic procedure that involves the examination of the female genital organs. A special device is used to carry out the manipulation - a colposcope. Thanks to the drugs used during the examination, it is possible not only to detect the virus, but also to assess the nature of its manifestation.
PCR analysis
Polymerase chain reaction allows to detect infection, as well as to determine the presence of other pathological processes that can be sexually transmitted.
Cytological examination
It provides a classification that divides pathology into 5 classes. The first one shows a normal cytological picture, and the second one means the presence of a large number of atypical cell structures that can provoke the cancer process.
Histology
It allows to study the deep areas of the Malpighian layer, which allows to confirm or deny the presence of koilocytes in them.
Screening test
It helps to quickly detect a high concentration of the virus in the human body. This type of research has gained wide popularity due to its accuracy.
Treatment
If the wart is not dangerous and is not prone to malignancy, there is no need for special therapeutic measures. The doctor will recommend taking medicine to strengthen the immune system. If the growth is highly likely to be malignant, the optimal treatment option is prescribed.
Medicine
The vital activity of pathogenic microorganisms can be suppressed by using the following antiviral drugs:
- vitamin and mineral complexes;
- immunostimulating substances.
If the development of the oncological process is not confirmed, special ointments can be used at home.
Surgical
Removal of warts is possible in several ways.
Cryodestruction
The therapeutic procedure, which involves the exposure of papillomas to low temperatures, eventually leads to the destruction of pathological structures. With high-quality manipulation, it is possible not only to stop further growth of tumors, but also to prevent their appearance in the future.
The complexity of this method is that there is no way to control the depth of cold penetration into the tissue. If the procedure is not carried out completely, remnants of the papilloma may remain on the skin, which will cause it to reappear.
Electrocoagulation
Benign tumors are burned by giving them an electric current. In this case, the doctor presets the device to a certain frequency and voltage. The type of attachment for the device is selected based on the size and thickness of the growth.
Using a loop, the specialist first removes the stem of the formation, and then burns the element itself. During work, the capillaries are coagulated at the same time, which prevents bleeding.
After removal, the surgical site is treated with an antiseptic.
Radiosurgery
The lesion is exposed to a stream of low-frequency radio waves. In this case, the electrodes capture only the damaged areas, the healthy tissue remains intact. A wound forms at the site of the removed growth.
laser
The method is considered one of the most popular due to its simplicity and speed of execution. On average, the session does not take more than a quarter of an hour.
The procedure itself is not accompanied by pain, but the patient may feel slight discomfort.
The burning of papillomas occurs as a result of its exposure to a laser beam, as a result of which cells are vaporized in layers and the element is completely cut.
If you treat papillomas in this way, the likelihood of relapse is minimized.
Diet
Nutrition for papillomas in the body involves the presence of fermented milk, seafood, honey, garlic, onions, vegetables, lean meat and fish in the diet.
If we talk about fruits, it is recommended to eat them as a snack between main meals. It is better to give preference to yellow, red or orange fruits.
When to delete
If there are many papillomas on the neck and other places with a high risk of damage that can lead to the development of cancer, it is recommended to completely remove the papilloma-like formations.
Other instructions for removal:
- activeheightwarts that can cause more serious disorders in the body;
- to planpregnancy, the risk of benign and malignant tumors increases against the background of hormonal changes.
In addition, growths should be removed if they are prone to malignancy.
Why are they dangerous?
The main danger of papillomas is their ability to turn into an oncological form. Also, neoplasms, especially those located in open areas of the body, are more susceptible to injury that can lead to bleeding or infection.
Prognosis after withdrawal
If the removal is performed poorly or incompletely, the papilloma may reappear. To prevent this from happening, self-medication is not recommended.
In addition, due to their nature, some types of growth tend to recur regardless of the effectiveness of therapy. To prevent this, you must first eliminate the root cause.
Prevention
Following a number of recommendations will help prevent the disease:
- deals only with the protectedsex;
- use only your own itemshygiene;
- reinforce regularlyimmunity;
- eat quality and healthy foodproducts;
- undergo a medical examinationexaminationat least once a year for preventive purposes.
Papillomas on the body are benign neoplasms, in most cases they do not cause any discomfort to a person. Certain types of growths can become malignant, especially when exposed to certain factors.
To avoid this situation, when a tumor appears, it is recommended to consult a specialist who will prescribe the appropriate treatment if necessary.